Echo


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Echo

Echo: When a person shouts in a big empty hall, we first hear his original sound, after that we hear the reflected sound of that shout. This reflected sound is an echo. An echo is nothing but just the reflected sound. So, the repetition of sound caused by reflection of sound waves is called an echo. The sensation of sound persists in our brain for about 0.1 s. To hear a distinct echo, the time interval between the original sound and the reflected one must be atleast 0.1 s. The speed of sound in air is 344 m/sec. The distance travelled by the sound in 0.1 s = speed x time = 344 x 0.1 = 34.4 m

So, echo will be heard, if the minimum distance between the source of sound and the obstacle is = frac{34.4}{2} ;m;=:17.2;m .

Conditions for the formation of Echoes

  • 1. To hear an echo, our distance from the reflecting surface should be atleast 17.2 m. This distance will change with the change in temperature.
  • 2. Echoes may be heard more than once due to successive multiple reflections. The rolling of thunder is due to successive reflections of sound from a number of reflecting surfaces, such as clouds and the land.
  • 3. The wavelength of sound should be less than the height of the reflecting body.
  • 4.The intensity of sound should be sufficient so that it can be heard after reflection.
  • Q. A man stands in between two cliffs x and y, such that he is at a distance of 66 m from x. When he blows a whistle he hears first echo after 0.4 s and second echo after 1.2 s. Calculate: (i) speed of sound (ii)  distance of the cliff y from man.

    Solution: (i) Speed of sound    nu :=:frac{2d}{t}:=:frac{2times66}{0.4}:=:330 :ms^-^1

                    (ii)  Distance of man from cliff  y - d:=;frac{nutimes;t}{2}:=:330timesfrac{1.2}{2}:=;198: m

    Sample Questions
    (More Questions for each concept available in Login)
    Question : 1

    A man stands at a distance of 225 m from a cliff. He fires a gun and heard the echo after 1.5 seconds. What will be the velocity to the sound ?

    Right Option : B
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    Explanation
    Question : 2

    An echo retured in 3 s. What is the distance of the reflecting surface from the source, given that the speed of sound is 342 m/sec ?

    Right Option : D
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    Explanation
    Question : 3

    Human beings can precisely differentiate identical sound signals with at least a time delay of

    Right Option : B
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    Explanation
     
     


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